Physiological Adaptation - Part 3

1. All of the following signs are indicative of increased intracranial pressure EXCEPT:

A. Decreased level of consciousness.

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B. Projectile vomiting.

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C. Sluggish pupil dilation.

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D. Increased heart rate.

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2. A client is diagnosed with Meniere’s disease after suffering from a viral infection. The nurse recognizes that this condition causes:

A. Chronic rash, inflamed skin, and encrusted lesions.

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B. Orthostatic hypotension and swelling of the extremities.

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C. Altered potassium levels and increased risk of cardiac dysrhythmias.

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D. Vertigo, tinnitus, vomiting, and hearing loss.

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3. Mrs. P is being admitted for complications of coronary artery disease. The nurse places her on a cardiac monitor and notes that her heart rate is 210 bpm and occasionally irregular. She is unable to measure the P-R interval because the rate is too fast; the QRS complexes are wide. Which of the following conditions does this client most likely have?

A. Premature ventricular contractions.

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B. Atrial fibrillation.

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C. Ventricular tachycardia.

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D. Sinus tachycardia.

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4. A nurse is caring for Mr. W, who has been HIV-positive for seven years. Mr. W was recently diagnosed with mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Based on this diagnosis, the nurse can expect which of the following symptoms from this client?

A. Cardiac dysrhythmias.

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B. Swelling of the lips and face.

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C. Headache and a ruddy complexion.

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D. Lethargy and diarrhea.

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5. Based on Mr. W’s diagnosis of MAC, which of the following information should be provided to this client?

A. He should be started on antiretroviral therapy as ordered.

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B. He is no longer just HIV-positive, he most likely has AIDS.

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C. He should be tested for other illnesses, such as anemia.

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D. Both b and c.

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6. A doctor writes out a prescription for medication to be taken as needed for pain. Which of the following abbreviations could the nurse expect to see on the prescription form?

A. CHF.

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B. ATB.

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C. Ac.

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D. Prn.

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7. Mrs. H has been diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Based on the risk factors associated with this condition, which of the following background information is most likely true for Mrs. H?

A. Mrs. H is younger than 30 years old.

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B. Mrs. H has a BMI of 31.

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C. Mrs. H is Caucasian.

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D. Mrs. H has four children.

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8. Based on Mrs. H’s diagnosis, which of the following complications is she most likely to develop?

A. Anemia.

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B. Hyperlipidemia.

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C. Cirrhosis.

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D. Stroke.

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9. An 80-year old patient is admitted with dyspnea, dependent edema, rales and distended neck veins. As the nurse monitors the patient, he becomes increasingly short of breath and begins to have cardiac dysrhythmias. The most critical intervention for this patient is to:

A. Ensure his airway is open and unobstructed.

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B. Apply oxygen to keep his oxygen saturation over 94%.

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C. Administer Dobutamine to increase cardiac output.

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D. Start an IV for monitoring of intake.

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10. You are caring for a 20-year old patient with pericarditis. What is the likely cause of pericarditis in a young patient?

A. Heart failure.

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B. Acute MI.

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C. Hypertension.

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D. Infectious processes.

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11. Your patient has been diagnosed with acute bronchitis. You should expect that all of the following will be ordered EXCEPT:

A. Increased fluid intake.

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B. Cough medications.

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C. Antibiotics.

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D. Use of a vaporizer.

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12. You are caring for an asthmatic patient with an early-phase reaction. Which of the following is indicative of an early phase reaction?

A. Rapid bronchospasms.

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B. Inflammatory epithelial lesions.

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C. Increased secretions.

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D. Increased mucosal edema.

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13. Clinical manifestations of asthma include:

A. Decreased expiratory time.

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B. Increased peak expiratory flow.

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C. Increased use of accessory muscles.

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D. Increased oxygen saturation.

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14. What drives respiration in a patient with advanced chronic respiratory failure?

A. Hypoxemia.

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B. Hypocapnia.

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C. Hypercapnia.

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D. None of the above.

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15. Which of the following is NOT a warning sign that compensatory mechanisms in a patient in shock are failing?

A. Increasing heart rate above normal for the patient's age.

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B. Absent peripheral pulses.

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C. Decreasing level of consciousness.

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D. Increasing blood pressure.

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16. Which class of medications is foundational to treating the patient with delirium tremens (DTs)?

A. Phenothiazines.

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B. Butyrophenones.

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C. Benzodiazepines.

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D. Anticonvulsants.

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17. Septic, anaphylactic and neurogenic shock are all categorized as:

A. Hypovolemic shock.

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B. Cardiogenic shock.

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C. Distributive shock.

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D. Obstructive shock.

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18. Which of the following is TRUE about shock?

A. A patient with severe shock always has an abnormally low blood pressure.

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B. Confusion and deteriorating mentation are indicative of hypotensive shock.

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C. Patients with compensated shock may be unable to maintain a normal blood pressure.

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D. A normal blood pressure implies that the patient is stable.

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19. Signs and symptoms of stroke may include all of following EXCEPT:

A. Sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm or leg.

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B. Sudden confusion.

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C. Sudden headache with no known cause.

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D. Hypotension.

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20. Which of the following may cause coup-contrecoup injuries?

A. Rotational forces.

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B. Deformation forces.

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C. Deceleration forces.

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D. Acceleration forces.

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21. Meningitis that is fatal in half of the infected patients is caused by a:

A. Virus.

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B. Bacteria.

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C. Fungus.

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D. Noninfectious agent.

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22. Which of the following may alter the level of consciousness in a patient?

A. Alcohol.

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B. Electrolytes.

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C. Infection.

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D. All of the above may cause altered level of consciousness.

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23. The term used to define uterine bleeding in which there is no menstruation in a 24-year-old woman is:

A. Oligomenorrhea.

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B. Amenorrhea.

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C. Menorrhagia.

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D. Metrorrhagia.

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24. Which of the following diseases, or disorders, is acute?

A. Pneumonia.

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B. Paralysis.

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C. Alzheimer's disease.

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D. Diabetes.

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25. The major difference between a grand mal and petit mal seizure is that a person with a grand mal seizure will have _______________ and the person with a petit mal seizure will not.

A. convulsive movements.

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B. sleep apnea.

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C. atonic movement.

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D. flaccidity.

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26. A physician order for a 120 mg dose of Gentamycin 40mg/mL should be filled with ______ of Gentamycin.

A. 80 mL.

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B. 5 mL.

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C. 3 mL.

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D. 60 mL.

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27. Which fact about diabetes is true?

A. Only children get type 1 diabetes.

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B. Only adults get type 2 diabetes.

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C. Children and adults can have type 1 diabetes.

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D. Both a and b.

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28. Diabetic patients are more prone to ____________ than other people without this chronic disorder.

A. infection.

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B. increased oxygen saturation.

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C. low fibrinogen.

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D. constipation.

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29. A common childhood illness is caused by the Bordatella pertussis bacterium. Which of the following diseases is caused by this bacteria?

A. German Measles.

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B. RSV.

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C. Meningitis.

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D. Whooping Cough.

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30. A patient that has been diagnosed with alopecia would be described as having:

A. body lice.

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B. lack of ear lopes.

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C. Indigestion.

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D. hair loss.

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31. A child is diagnosed with a Greenstick Fracture. Which of the following most accurately describes the broken bone?

A. compound fracture of the fibula.

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B. a partial break in a long bone.

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C. fracture of the growth plate of the ulna near the wrist.

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D. Colles fracture of the tibia.

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32. A patient with Bell’s Palsy would have which of the following complaints?

A. Paralysis of the right or left arm.

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B. Malfunction of a certain cranial nerve.

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C. A sub-condition of Cerebral Palsy.

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D. A side effect of a stroke.

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33. A patient presents to the office with a pencil that has completely penetrated the palm of her hand. Which of the following treatments would be BEST in this situation?

A. Assist the doctor while she sedates the patient and removes the pencil from her hand.

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B. Have the patient gently pull the pencil out of her hand and assist the physician with stitches.

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C. Wrap a gauze wrap around the pencil, securing it as much as possible until the patient can get to a local emergency room.

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D. Tell the patient to go the local emergency room. With a doctor's order, give the patient some aspirin for the pain.

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34. Of the following, which best describes why subdural hemorrhages are more common in the elderly?

A. Increased anticoagulant use.

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B. Increased risk of falls.

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C. Brain atrophy.

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D. Inconsistent care giving.

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Physiological Adaptation – Part 3

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